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结果补语 the resultative complement explains the result of the action. It usually consists of a verb or an adjective.
V + V / A 听 懂 to listen and understand
写 上 to write down 包 好 to wrap (the parcel) well 拿 好 to hold onto 记 错 to remember incorrectly 坐 错 to take the wrong (bus)
Resultative complements are closely bound to verbs. There cannot be other words in between. The particle “了”or any objects must be placed behind the resultative complement.
|
Subject |
Predicate |
|
V |
V/A(complement) |
Pt“了” |
O |
Pt“了” |
|
我
马大为
下车的乘客
我们 |
听
包
拿
坐 |
懂
好
好
错 |
了 |
那个包裹。
自己的东西。
车 |
了。
了。 |
If expressed by verbs with resultative complements, the action is usually complete. Thus, “没(有)”is commonly used in the negation, while “….了没有” is used for the V/A- not-V/A question. For example: 你听懂了没有? -----我没听懂 马大为包好包裹了没有? ----他没有包好包裹。 The adjective “好” in this lesson is used as a resultative complement, indicating that an action is competed to satisfaction. For example: 我们一定要学好汉语。 请大家做好,现在上课。
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