1. 什么+……+都……（ Pron .+ Adv.）"any; whichever; whatever"
   
    To express all-inclusion, 什么 can be used by itself or followed by a noun with 都 to indicate whatever, whoever, wherever, etc.
             
               Subj.+什么+（N）+V/Adj.
Examples:
1. 我什么外币都没有。
I don't have any foreign currency.
2.你什么时间来找我都可以。
You can come to see me at any time.

Substitutive drills:
我                                   东西                             不想买。
她        （什么）             商场        （都 ）        想逛。
这家商店                       进口货                            有。
张经理                              人                                遇到过。

2. 随便（V/Conj.）   "do as one please"

    随便 can be followed by a noun, a verb or a clause to mean "to do as one likes". The subject is often left out.

                     (subj.)+ 随便+……
Examples:
1. 请随便看。
Please look around as you like.
2. 菜很多，随便吃。
There is a lot of food. Help yourself.

Substitutive drills:
请                                                      尝。
这是我的手机       （随便）              用 。
菜，                                                   你 点 。
去不去逛街，                                      你。

3. 打折（VP）"give a discount"
   
    When talking about a discount, Chinese and English are different. In English , the emphasis is on the portion of the money which is not collected, e. g. 10% off, 20% off, etc. In Chinese, however, the emphasis is on the amount of money which is actually collected. Therefore, 打九折 means that the cost is 90% of the original price.八折means 20% off. 七五折means 25% off.五折 or 对折 means 50% of original price. The percentage of the original price is inserted between 打and 折。


4. 对（Prep.） "to; toward"

    对 here is followed by a noun or noun phrase to make a prepositional phrase, and this phrase is placed before a verb or an adjective phrase to express attitude or frame of mind towards someone of something.
                    
                        Subj.+对+N+VP/AP
Examples:
1. 王先生对人很友善。
Mr. Wang is very friendly toward people.
2. 他对中国市场很感兴趣。
He is very interested in Chinese markets.

Substitutive drills:
大卫                               自由市场                      特别感兴趣
王老板                              美国商品                        很了解
张经理     （对）          个体户的情况                  知道得很少
李小姐                               高档货                           没有兴趣

5. 一点儿（MV） "a bit; slightly"
    In general, 一点儿 means small quantities or low degree. It can also soften the tone. It is used either adverbially after a verb or an adjective, or attributively before a noun.
Examples:
1. 这个东西贵了一点儿。
This thing costs a little too much.
2. 他有一点儿日元。
He has a small amount of Japanese yen.